孫武 By Sun Tzu
Translated by Lionel Giles
始計第一
Laying Plans
孫子曰：兵者，國之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。
Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected.
故經之以五事，校之以計，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰將，五曰法。
The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one s deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field.
These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline.
道者，令民於上同意，可與之死，可與之生，而不危也；
The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger.
天者，陰陽、寒暑、時制也；
Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons.
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